1-Birth and Lineage.2-Appearance.3-At the Time of the Prophet (s).4-In the Time of the First Three Caliphs.4.1-Rebellion Against 'Uthman.5-At the Time of Imam 'Ali (a).5.1-Battle of Siffin.5.2-Invasions of the Army of Syria.6-Establishment of Umayyad Caliphate.7-Political Approach.7.1-Using Religious Principles to Reinforce the Caliphate.7.2-Official Policy of Mu'awiya.8-Civil Political Events.8.1-Kharijites.8.2-Political Situation out of Iraq.9-Attitude Toward Shi'a.10-Taking Allegiance of People to Yazid for Being Crown Prince.10.1-Obstacles for Yazid as the Crown Prince.11-Foreign Policy.12-Death.13-Notes.14-References.
